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                                        &nbsp; &nbsp;   学生登陆系统后，按照如下步骤完成实验。<br>
                                        &nbsp; &nbsp;   双击“网络故障分析虚拟仿真实验项目系统.exe”文件，在如图1所示界面中单击“开始实验”按钮。<br>
                                        <img src="images/picture1.png"><br>
                                        &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; 图1 开始实验界面<br>
                                        &nbsp; &nbsp;   第一部分：测试并修复局域网连通性（共十步）<br>
                                        &nbsp; &nbsp;   虚拟仿真实验环境中，可供维护和测试的计算机有三台，为清晰描述实验步骤，为各计算机进行标识，分别为A、B、C，如图2所示。根据实验要求，计算机A为用户反映的无法访问www.baidu.com计算机。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture2.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图2 虚拟仿真实验环境中计算机标识<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第一步：检查计算机A的IP地址；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;根据网络拓扑结构可知，计算机A、计算机B和计算机C的IP地址分别为：192.168.0.128/24、192.168.0.129/24、192.168.0.130/24。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;右键单击计算机A显示器，在弹出菜单中选择“查看属性”，如图3和图4所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture3.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图3 查看计算机A的IP地址操作<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture4.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图4 计算机A的IP地址信息显示结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;在图4中，可以看到计算机A当前IP地址信息错误，需要更新为正确的IP地址，用户在IP地址栏与子网掩码栏输入正确的信息，之后单击“确认修改”按钮，修改结果如图5所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture5.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图5 计算机A的IP地址修改结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第二步：测试计算机A与计算机B或计算机C的连通性；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;右键单击计算机A显示器，在弹出菜单中选择CMD菜单命令，如图6所示，打开如图7所示的命令提示符窗口，通过使用ping命令测试连通性，如图8所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture6.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图6 选择CMD菜单命令<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture7.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图7 打开命令提示符窗口<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture8.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图8 计算机A与计算机B连通性测试结果（不连通）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第三步：测试计算机B与计算机C的连通性；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;类似第二步操作方法，右键单击计算机B显示器，在弹出菜单中选择CMD菜单命令，并在打开的命令提示符窗口，执行命令：ping 192.168.0.130,命令执行结果如图9所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture9.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图9 测试计算机B与计算机C的连通性（连通）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;根据测试结果可知，计算机B与计算机C网络连接状态良好，说明该局域网内的交换机相应端口工作正常，且计算机B与计算机C在同一vlan中。接下来从计算机A的网络硬件入手检查。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第四步：检查计算机A的网线连接状态；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;利用键盘操作键，将视角转换到计算机A主机后方，查看网线是否与计算机A正确连接，如图10所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture10.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图10 网线与计算机A初始连接状态（未连接）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;由图10可知，网线处于脱落状态，未与计算机A正确连接；接下来进行修复操作：鼠标右键单击未插网线，在弹出对话框中选择“重插”，如图11所示，重插网线后的状态如图12所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture11.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图11 重插网线操作<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture12.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图12 网线与计算机A修复后连接状态（已连接）<br>

                                         &nbsp; &nbsp; 继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，测试结果表明，不连通。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第五步：检查交换机与计算机A的网线连接状态；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;使用键盘控制键使视角转换到机柜处，或直接使用界面上提供的“查看交换机”按钮，可使视角快速切换到机柜处，检查网线与交换机的连接状态，如图13所示，当前状态表示6号网线未与交换机正确连接，根据拓扑结构可知，6号网线的作用是计算机A与交换机的连接线。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;修复操作：鼠标右键单击6号网线，在弹出的快捷菜单中选择“重插”，如图14所示，修复结果如图15所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture13.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图13 6号网线与交换机初始连接状态（未连接）<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture14.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图14 6号网线重插操作<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture15.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图15 6号网线与交换机修复后连接状态（已连接）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，测试结果表明，不连通。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第六步：检查计算机A所属vlan；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;视角切换到交换机处，右键单击交换机，在弹出的菜单中选择“查看vlan”,如图16所示。交换机vlan配置信息如图17所示，从配置结果中可以看出，计算机B与计算机C位于vlan1中，计算机A位于vlan2中，不同vlan中的计算机在没有其他跨vlan配置时，无法连通。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture16.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图16 查看交换机vlan配置信息<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture17.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图17 交换机vlan初始配置状态<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;重新划分vlan操作：鼠标右键单击交换机，在弹出菜单中选择“修改vlan”菜单命令，如图18所示，将6号端口划分到vlan1中，单击“确认修改”按钮。
                                         <br>
                                         <img src="images/picture18.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图18 重新划分6号端口至vlan1中。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，测试结果表明，不连通。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;通过以上6步，均无法完成计算机A局域网的连通性，接下来考虑设备硬件故障<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第七步：更换计算机A与交换机之间的连接网线；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;视角切换到计算机A处，右键单击网线，在弹出菜单中选择“更换”，即完成更换网线的操作。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，测试结果表明，不连通。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第八步：检查计算机A的网卡工作状态；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;在计算机A中，使用ping命令ping自己，结果如图19所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture19.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图19 计算机A网卡故障检测<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;从图19所示结果，可以看出，计算机A无法与自己连通，说明网卡故障；修复方法：右键单出计算机A显示器，在弹出菜单选择“更换网卡”，即完成网卡的更换操作。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，测试结果表明，不连通。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第九步：检测交换机端口工作状态；<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture20.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图20 6号端口工作状态（不工作）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;如图20所示，在交换机端指示灯处，发现6号端口指示灯未亮，需要切换网线至其他端口。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;修复操作：右键单击6号网线，在弹出菜单中选择“移动位置”，结果如图21所示，在对话框中输入11（也可以切换至其它未使用的端口），即表示将该网线切换至11号端口，切换后的结果如图22所示，此时，可以看到交换机的11号端口指示灯正常工作，同时，也可在计算机A端看到网卡指示灯处于正常工作状态，如图23所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture21.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图21 切换交换机网线端口操作<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture22.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图22 网线端口切换操作后的交换机状态<br>
                                        <img src="images/picture23.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图23 修复设备硬件后计算机A网卡工作状态<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第十步：检查三台计算机是否处于同一VLAN中；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;视角切换至交换机端，查看VLAN配置信息，如图24所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture24.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图24 vlan配置信息<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;由以上结果可以看出，目前三台计算机同处于一个vlan中。继续按照第二步所述方法检测计算机A的局域连通性，连通性测试结果如图25所示，表明局域网已连通。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture25.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图25 计算机A与局域网中其他计算机的连通性测试结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第二部分：测试并修复广域网连通性（共四步）<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;根据实验要求，计算机A无法访问www.baidu.com，接下来修复广域网的连通性。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第十一步：修复计算机A网关配置；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;由于计算机B与计算机C参数配置正确，通过查看计算机B或计算机C的网关设置参数对计算机A进行修改。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;修复操作：右键单击计算机B的显示器，选择“查看属性”，可知网关为192.168.0.1，之后修改计算机A的网关也为192.168.0.1，如图26所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture26.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图26 计算机A的网关配置修复结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;测试操作：在计算机A上使用ping命令：ping www.baidu.com，出现如图27所示的对话框，根据命令执行结果可知，当前计算机A与外网无法连通。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture27.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图27 计算机A与外网连通性测试结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第十二步：检测并修复路由器中的hosts文件；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;视角切换到路由器，右键单击路由器，根据网络拓扑结构，在弹出对话框中进行正确参数配置，配置结果如图28所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture28.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图28 路由器修复结果<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;测试计算机A与www.baidu.com的连通性，结果如图29所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture29.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图29 修复路由器后计算机A与外网连通状态<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  测试结果说明，此时计算机A仍然无法访问www.baidu.com。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第十三步：检测计算机B及计算机C与www.baidu.com的连通性；<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;分别在计算机B和计算机C上采用Ping命令测试他们与www.baidu.com的连通性，测试结果如图30和图31所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture30.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图30 计算机B与外网连通状态<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture31.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图31 计算机C与外网连通状态<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;测试结果表明，计算机B与计算机C可正确访问www.baidu.com。<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;第十四步：检查并修复计算机A的hosts文件<br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;鼠标右键单击计算机A的显示器，在弹出菜单中选择“查看hosts文件”，显示结果如图32所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture32.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图32 计算机A中的hosts文件初始内容<br>     
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;通过查看比较计算机B或计算机C中的hosts文件内容，修改计算机A中的hosts文件内容，修改结果如图33所示。<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture33.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图33 计算机A中的hosts文件修复后内容<br>     
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
                                         <img src="images/picture34.png"><br>
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;   &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;图34 修复计算机A中hosts文件内容后其与外网连通状态<br>     
                                         &nbsp; &nbsp; 测试结果表明，到此计算机A可与www.baidu.com正确连通。<br>
                                      

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